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Creando un mapa de calor a partir de (x, y) cordenatos en R

2011-02-15 21 views
10

Tengo (x, y) datos en un archivo de texto (data.csv) que me gustaría hacer en un mapa de calor.Creando un mapa de calor a partir de (x, y) cordenatos en R

X Y 
-60 -18 
60 -62 
7 14 
-22 -60 
59 58 
29 22 
-58 -18 
60 -61 
7 14 
-21 -59 
61 59 
29 22 
-57 -18 
-22 -59 
59 60 
29 24 
-56 -17 
61 -60 
8 16 
-20 -58 
62 60 
30 23

Idealmente me gustaría ser capaz de importar el archivo de texto y guardarlo en un archivo de imagen (PNG o JPG) que es 450 píxeles x 200 píxeles.

El mapa de calor es necesario que haya más como uno que iba a encontrar en Google Maps (example here) de una matriz (example here).

Gracias de antemano.

Fuente

2011-02-15 NeilG

+3

ambos de esos mapas de calor tienen tres x Data- dimensionales, y de posición + "calor" z. ¿tiene una coordenada z, o alguna función que convierte su x, y en un tercer valor? – Carl

+0

Buen punto. El tercer valor (z) sería un "tipo" de ubicación. Digamos un hotel o bar. – NeilG

Respuesta

12

Si usted está buscando en una parcela de densidad, donde el color representa la distribución de los puntos en el plano, se puede utilizar, por ejemplo, la función kde2d de la biblioteca MASS seguido de filled.contour

Un ejemplo reproducible:.

d <- structure(list(X = c(-60L, 60L, 7L, -22L, 59L, 29L, -58L, 60L, 
7L, -21L, 61L, 29L, -57L, -22L, 59L, 29L, -56L, 61L, 8L, -20L, 
62L, 30L), Y = c(-18L, -62L, 14L, -60L, 58L, 22L, -18L, -61L, 
14L, -59L, 59L, 22L, -18L, -59L, 60L, 24L, -17L, -60L, 16L, -58L, 
60L, 23L)), .Names = c("X", "Y"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
-22L)) 
require(MASS) 
dens <- kde2d(d$X, d$Y, h=75, n=50) #overrode default bandwidth 
filled.contour(dens)

Filled contour plot

Hay un montón de otras funciones que le harán una parcela dada la densidad.

Fuente

2011-02-15 14:06:34 Aniko

+0

¡Interesante, y gracias !. Definitivamente intentaré esto. En la línea 'kde2d (d $ X, d $ Y, h = 75, n = 50) "¿qué significa' h 'y' n '? – NeilG

+0

Mira en la documentación :)' h' es el ancho de banda que controla el suavidad de la trama, no es necesario que la especifique, pero lo hice. Juegue con ella para ver su efecto. 'n' es el número de puntos de la cuadrícula para la salida, un número grande da una resolución más alta para la trama del contorno – Aniko

+0

Impresionante. ¡Gracias! – NeilG

2

Hay toda una CRAN Spatial view con muchas cosas buenas, incluyendo 2d núcleos. Este es un ejemplo con el paquete splancs.

data(bodmin) 
plot(bodmin$poly,asp=1,type="n") 
image(kernel2d(as.points(bodmin),bodmin$poly, h0=2,nx=100,ny=100), 
     add=TRUE, col=terrain.colors(20)) 
pointmap(as.points(bodmin),add=TRUE) 
polymap(bodmin$poly,add=TRUE) 
bodmin.xy<-coordinates(bodmin[1:2]) 
apply(bodmin$poly,2,range) 
grd1<-GridTopology(cellcentre.offset=c(-5.2,-11.5),cellsize=c(0.2,0.2),cells.dim=c(100,100)) 
k100<-spkernel2d(bodmin.xy,bodmin$poly,h0=1,grd1) 
k150<-spkernel2d(bodmin.xy,bodmin$poly,h0=1.5,grd1) 
k200<-spkernel2d(bodmin.xy,bodmin$poly,h0=2,grd1) 
k250<-spkernel2d(bodmin.xy,bodmin$poly,h0=2.5,grd1) 
if(.sp_lt_0.9()){ 
    df<-AttributeList(list(k100=k100,k150=k150,k200=k200,k250=k250)) 
} else{ 
    df<-data.frame(k100=k100,k150=k150,k200=k200,k250=k250) 
} 
kernels<-SpatialGridDataFrame(grd1,data=df) 
spplot(kernels,checkEmptyRC=FALSE,col.regions=terrain.colors(16),cuts=15)

enter image description here

Aquí es un ejemplo más:

kern.obj <- structure(c(-161.913250909479, 154.013482116162, 31.6474639061300, 
17.7340639366637, -102.170823111156, 17.6809699563749, 90.505728795223, 
143.854796792441, -70.1806511117134, 230.600354761065, 133.500211485414, 
-225.74140063979, 220.599384351733, -55.5956512970632, 128.631103577179, 
-36.9382693513206, 86.1151116370548, -67.9572171234925, 138.313636950703, 
59.4122360493993, -128.418347257186, 28.4313444162254, -253.438542232118, 
-2.62936998134802, 96.6705573949275, 126.350347596454, -76.3053490233138, 
-98.1667749493097, -132.615954657406, -239.003804126569, -32.052834858324, 
152.055005227299, -171.132473363859, -96.0272921226682, -91.4859761718545, 
172.662664785850, 92.3258005260648, -9.33884441249779, -24.4260189034222, 
-171.435971200881, 84.9052731383744, -171.768339197942, -13.5871193263486, 
-51.839925496188, -193.00283491136, 57.1126055897217, -40.890549093622, 
83.600134171797, 6.66515671609591, -261.487889322599, 138.624659821426, 
158.911075756538, 111.598989561161, 62.6150728399137, -155.366548557697, 
95.9501552130317, -32.0820888905296, -85.4929337702259, -178.010310820340, 
100.526315864149, -190.431234842843, 223.959168312304, -10.693030515916, 
-155.820490522984, 87.7527496146106, 293.991051801515, -69.1568338969259, 
77.0440461941863, -137.088789092018, -284.434533670747, -52.9437134391306, 
129.855822783810, 147.208098412254, -144.394565933009, 11.1193096498363, 
-26.946328, 36.3402764034715, -27.5111672678245, 161.017920279498, 
133.961438546933, -139.924061267615, -194.861248844460, -138.902485043792, 
-59.6746738747854, -193.856125217724, 58.9319665388044, -151.870347293954, 
185.500357832384, 77.8198201646078, 217.406148533358, 125.978806993972, 
-96.8970637852723, 85.2079461295587, -71.5845844358825, 90.0263897196243, 
-3.85398693321446, -233.945188963933, -252.371240484100, -152.282817449886, 
-175.448833834566, 74.8285138048232, 218.884530197829, -65.9526397939771, 
113.776709279045, -69.4176647812128, -196.919950610027, 268.779812799767, 
119.294722331688, 272.239590017125, -161.720151454210, -16.8415614869446, 
-13.6117741931230, -96.0124779492617, 157.184316962957, 188.061125110835, 
-214.437550725415, 121.667246008292, 89.747676299885, -4.44232751615345, 
-106.699166027829, -261.718519963324, -42.1719799283892, -78.4863225650042, 
204.811030067503, 265.774235548452, 38.5583057999611, -239.476124290377, 
231.875250348821, 135.243163537234, -42.7497774828225, -59.7301519475877, 
-2.99901310354471, -240.498538082466, -109.713196987286, 172.524304641411, 
113.648047484457, -221.150079695508, 131.948393024504, 62.1528406161815, 
-8.31053741276264, -76.1619768105447, 157.933613704517, -42.225355328992, 
208.729289704934, 10.0781018380076, 98.7709498498589, -74.8700814787298, 
-215.313404565677, -87.6694556325674, -139.495075587183, -28.3679623156786, 
-76.2799751479179, -138.629644783214, -164.171522296965, 16.3864661939442, 
-109.221789333969, -49.0070185158402, -23.0688956100494, 54.3438952881843, 
-145.427243504673, -18.4494345914572, 14.391646720469, -200.727640092373, 
187.278914311901, -75.3078812733293, 4.16369824670255, -191.299003595486, 
169.710802193731, -103.791763912886, 32.9403738956898, -91.6615933645517, 
-222.505887318403, 49.3231621105224, -151.363900210708, -23.9421324804425, 
-207.101033208892, 169.309269497171, -250.131661305204, 11.1456824932247, 
-193.683278560638, -66.6569401044399, -139.672750141472, -115.024601574987, 
-198.41345124878, -205.971520487219, 104.227339709178, 162.442225730047, 
-167.216443363577, -100.033209286630, 152.823372976854, -191.260906308889, 
-234.539421927184, 213.049413822591, 130.761165590957, -234.716210095212, 
6.07512393034995, -49.286244995892, -56.5862323623151, -50.971424812451, 
-168.812829069793), .Dim = c(100L, 2L), .Dimnames = list(NULL, 
    c("x", "y"))) 

circpol <- structure(c(37.674311717588, 75.1999401385825, 112.428788751435, 
149.213932298913, 185.410196624968, 220.874731610807, 255.467574939044, 
289.052204461029, 321.496076987398, 352.671151375484, 382.454393849214, 
410.728263557213, 437.381176452847, 462.307945665474, 485.410196624968, 
506.596755301209, 525.784008026318, 542.896231479612, 557.865891532951, 
570.633909777092, 581.149896677179, 589.372350437213, 595.268820788687, 
598.816037056963, 600, 598.816037056963, 595.268820788687, 589.372350437213, 
581.149896677179, 570.633909777092, 557.865891532951, 542.896231479612, 
525.784008026318, 506.596755301209, 485.410196624968, 462.307945665474, 
437.381176452847, 410.728263557213, 382.454393849214, 352.671151375484, 
321.496076987398, 289.052204461029, 255.467574939043, 220.874731610807, 
185.410196624968, 149.213932298913, 112.428788751435, 75.1999401385824, 
37.6743117175879, -1.92977144680695e-13, -37.674311717588, -75.1999401385826, 
-112.428788751435, -149.213932298913, -185.410196624969, -220.874731610807, 
-255.467574939044, -289.052204461029, -321.496076987398, -352.671151375484, 
-382.454393849214, -410.728263557213, -437.381176452847, -462.307945665474, 
-485.410196624968, -506.596755301209, -525.784008026318, -542.896231479612, 
-557.865891532951, -570.633909777092, -581.149896677179, -589.372350437213, 
-595.268820788687, -598.816037056963, -600, -598.816037056963, 
-595.268820788687, -589.372350437213, -581.149896677179, -570.633909777092, 
-557.865891532951, -542.896231479612, -525.784008026318, -506.596755301209, 
-485.410196624968, -462.307945665473, -437.381176452847, -410.728263557213, 
-382.454393849214, -352.671151375484, -321.496076987398, -289.052204461029, 
-255.467574939043, -220.874731610807, -185.410196624968, -149.213932298913, 
-112.428788751435, -75.1999401385823, -37.6743117175880, -1.46952762458685e-13, 
37.674311717588, 598.816037056963, 595.268820788687, 589.372350437213, 
581.149896677179, 570.633909777092, 557.865891532951, 542.896231479612, 
525.784008026318, 506.596755301209, 485.410196624968, 462.307945665473, 
437.381176452847, 410.728263557213, 382.454393849214, 352.671151375484, 
321.496076987398, 289.052204461029, 255.467574939044, 220.874731610807, 
185.410196624968, 149.213932298913, 112.428788751435, 75.1999401385825, 
37.674311717588, -9.64885723403475e-14, -37.6743117175880, -75.1999401385826, 
-112.428788751435, -149.213932298913, -185.410196624969, -220.874731610807, 
-255.467574939044, -289.052204461029, -321.496076987398, -352.671151375484, 
-382.454393849214, -410.728263557213, -437.381176452847, -462.307945665474, 
-485.410196624968, -506.596755301209, -525.784008026318, -542.896231479612, 
-557.865891532951, -570.633909777092, -581.149896677179, -589.372350437213, 
-595.268820788687, -598.816037056963, -600, -598.816037056963, 
-595.268820788687, -589.372350437213, -581.149896677179, -570.633909777092, 
-557.865891532951, -542.896231479612, -525.784008026318, -506.596755301209, 
-485.410196624968, -462.307945665473, -437.381176452847, -410.728263557213, 
-382.454393849214, -352.671151375484, -321.496076987398, -289.052204461029, 
-255.467574939043, -220.874731610807, -185.410196624969, -149.213932298913, 
-112.428788751435, -75.1999401385822, -37.6743117175879, -1.10214571844014e-13, 
37.6743117175882, 75.1999401385825, 112.428788751435, 149.213932298913, 
185.410196624968, 220.874731610807, 255.467574939044, 289.052204461029, 
321.496076987398, 352.671151375484, 382.454393849214, 410.728263557213, 
437.381176452847, 462.307945665474, 485.410196624969, 506.596755301209, 
525.784008026318, 542.896231479612, 557.865891532951, 570.633909777092, 
581.149896677179, 589.372350437213, 595.268820788687, 598.816037056963, 
600, 598.816037056963), .Dim = c(101L, 2L), .Dimnames = list(
    NULL, c("x", "y"))) 

grd <- GridTopology(cellcentre.offset = c(-600, -600), cellsize = c(1, 1), cells.dim = c(1200, 1200)) 
obj <- kernel2d(pts = kern.obj, poly = circpol, h0 = 100, nx = 600, ny = 600, kernel='quartic') 

plot(kern.obj[, "x"], kern.obj[, "y"], xlim = c(-600, 600), ylim = c(-600, 600)) 
image(obj, add = TRUE, col = terrain.colors(20))

enter image description here

Fuente

2011-02-16 08:46:18

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