Si defino la siguiente clase
class X
{};
El compilador definirá los métodos siguientes:
X::X() {} // Default constructor. It takes zero arguments (hence default).
X::~X() {} // Destructor
X::X(X const& rhs) {}; // Copy constructor
X& operator=(X const& rhs)
{return *this;} // Assignment operator.
Nota:
El constructor por defecto no se construye si se ha definido CUALQUIER constructor .
Los otros métodos no se crean si el usuario define una alternativa.
Lo que es un poco más interesante es la implementación predeterminada cuando tenemos miembros y una base:
class Y: public X
{
int a; // POD data
int* b; // POD (that also happens to be a pointer)
Z z; // A class
};
// Note: There are two variants of the default constructor.
// Both are used depending on context when the compiler defined version
// of the default constructor is used.
//
// One does `default initialization`
// One does `zero initialization`
// Objects are zero initialized when
// They are 'static storage duration'
// **OR** You use the braces when using the default constructor
Y::Y() // Zero initializer
: X() // Zero initializer
, a(0)
, b(0)
, z() // Zero initializer of Z called.
{}
// Objects are default initialized when
// They are 'automatic storage duration'
// **AND** don't use the braces when using the default constructor
Y::Y()
:X // Not legal syntax trying to portray default initialization of X (base class)
//,a // POD: uninitialized.
//,b // POD: uninitialized.
,z // Not legal syntax trying to portray default initialization of z (member)
{}
//
// Note: It is actually hard to correctly zero initialize a 'automatic storage duration'
// variable (because of the parsing problems it tends to end up a a function
// declaration). Thus in a function context member variables can have indeterminate
// values because of default initialization. Thus it is always good practice to
// to initialize all members of your class during construction (preferably in the
// initialization list).
//
// Note: This was defined this way so that the C++ is backward compatible with C.
// And obeys the rule of don't do more than you need too (because we want the C++
// code to be as fast and efficient as possible.
Y::Y(Y const& rhs)
:X(rhs) // Copy construct the base
,a(rhs.a) // Copy construct each member using the copy constructor.
,b(rhs.b) // NOTE: The order is explicitly defined
,z(rhs.z) // as the order of declaration in the class.
{}
Y& operator=(Y const& rhs)
{
X::operator=(rhs); // Use base assignment operator
a = rhs.a; // Use the assignment operator on each member.
b = rhs.b; // NOTE: The order is explicitly defined
z = rhs.z; // as the order of declaration in the class.
return(*this);
}
Y::~Y()
{
Your Code first
}
// Not legal code. Trying to show what happens.
: ~z()
, ~b() // Does nothing for pointers.
, ~a() // Does nothing for POD types
, ~X() ; // Base class destructed last.
Me lo han preguntado en 3 entrevistas ahora. – Vbp