¿qué es "$:" en ruby?

Question

Suele verse en el archivo .gemspec. p.ej. i18n.gemspec.

$: << File.expand_path('../lib', __FILE__) 

Answer 1

Pre-defined variables 
$!   The exception information message set by 'raise'. 
$@   Array of backtrace of the last exception thrown. 
$&   The string matched by the last successful match. 
$`   The string to the left of the last successful match. 
$'   The string to the right of the last successful match. 
$+   The highest group matched by the last successful match. 
$1   The Nth group of the last successful match. May be > 1. 
$~   The information about the last match in the current scope. 
$=   The flag for case insensitive, nil by default. 
$/   The input record separator, newline by default. 
$\   The output record separator for the print and IO#write. Default is nil. 
$,   The output field separator for the print and Array#join. 
$;   The default separator for String#split. 
$.   The current input line number of the last file that was read. 
$<   The virtual concatenation file of the files given on command line (or from $stdin if no files were given). 
$>   The default output for print, printf. $stdout by default. 
$_   The last input line of string by gets or readline. 
$0   Contains the name of the script being executed. May be assignable. 
$*   Command line arguments given for the script sans args. 
$$   The process number of the Ruby running this script. 
$?   The status of the last executed child process. 
$:   Load path for scripts and binary modules by load or require. 
$"   The array contains the module names loaded by require. 
$DEBUG  The status of the -d switch. 
$FILENAME Current input file from $<. Same as $<.filename. 
$LOAD_PATH The alias to the $:. 
$stderr The current standard error output. 
$stdin  The current standard input. 
$stdout The current standard output. 
$VERBOSE The verbose flag, which is set by the -v switch. 
$-0  The alias to $/. 
$-a  True if option -a is set. Read-only variable. 
$-d  The alias to $DEBUG. 
$-F  The alias to $;. 
$-i  In in-place-edit mode, this variable holds the extension, otherwise nil. 
$-I  The alias to $:. 
$-l  True if option -l is set. Read-only variable. 
$-p  True if option -p is set. Read-only variable. 
$-v  The alias to $VERBOSE. 
$ -w  True if option -w is set. 

¡Los atajos anteriores son un desafortunado anacronismo de Perl! Hay "nombres en inglés" disponibles para algunos de ellos, que se explican por sí solos, y que se deben usar si están disponibles.

ver también: http://ruby.runpaint.org/globals

ver también: http://www.zenspider.com/Languages/Ruby/QuickRef.html

Answer 2

$: es equivalente a $LOAD_PATH, es decir, la lista de directorios que pueda require de archivos sin dar una ruta más específica. Encontrará el Ruby QuickRef útil para otras variables predefinidas que puede encontrar.

Answer 3

$: es la ruta de carga y $LOAD_PATH es su alias. Cuando usted load/require bibliotecas/archivos dentro de su aplicación ruby, ruby ​​busca en los directorios enumerados en $: para ellos. Con $: << File.expand_path('../lib', __FILE__) agrega un directorio específico a la ruta de carga.